JFK TIMELINE: Context to a Coup; Tribute to a Revolutionary Leader

	[1] - MILITARY: Pentagon/Joint Chiefs, FBI, Police, Secret Service V	[2] - INDUSTRIAL: Profiteers: War, Corporate, CIA & Drugs & the Mob & Cuban Exiles, Texas Oil, World Bank/IMF	[3] - CONGRESSIONAL: Government: Executive, Judicial, Legislative V	[4] - CONFEDERATE: Industrialist's War on Unions, Racist's War on Human Rights	[5] - PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY V	[6] - SOCIETY	[7] - PROPAGANDAPEDIA V	[8] - RESEARCH	[9] - BODY COUNT V	[10] - LINEUP: Suspects & Motives

Taft, Sherman/1910		^{1908 - 1912} Henry Lewis Stimson, partner in Wall Street law firm Root & Stimson, 1988 member of Skull & Bones, is Secretary of War. ^Note Skull & Bones is the immoral & moneyed "American WASP warrior caste" heavily influenced by the British Imperial system. ^{November 22} Senator Nelson Aldrich, Rockefeller relative by marriage, returns from Europe where he studied private central banking & sends private rail car to transport group with Paul Warburg (lobbiest for Rothschild firm, Kuhn, Loeb & Company) & Jacob Schiff (who had purchased Kuhn, Loeb & Company)to Jekyll Island. Aldrich later admits: "Before [FR] Act, NY Bankers could only dominate the reserves of NY. Now we dominate reserves of the entire country." ^Note The Rothschilds, Warburgs & Schiffs are interconnected by marriage. Their Jekyll Island gang agenda is to set up US central bank, destroy competing banks & address fact that strong national economy means corporations finance their own expansions out of profits instead of taking out huge loans from banks, i.e., American Industry is becoming independent of banks. Result is "Aldrich Bill."					^~ Strategy in naming central bank is to avoid word "bank," give the impression that purpose of the bank is to stop bank runs, conceal its monopoly character & make it sound like part of government. To make it look governmental the plan called for the central bank to be run by a board of governors appointed by the President & approved by Senate.	^~ In 1935 participant Frank Vanderlip, President of National Citibank & representative of Rockefeller family, confirms Jekyll Island trip in Saturday Evening Post.
Taft, Sherman/1911		^{May 15} Government attempts to use Sherman Anti-Trust Act to break up Rockefeller's Standard Oil to limit monopolies & crack down on robber barons. US Supreme Court rules that Standard Oil’s near global monopoly violates anti-trust laws & dissolves it into separate companies including: Chevron (Standard Oil California), Amoco (Standard Oil Indiana), Mobil (Standard Oil New Jersey) & Exxon, formerly Esso (Standard Oil New Jersey). ^~ Government also tries unsuccessfully to break monopoly of US Steel, the first billion dollar corporation in history & a company symbolic of the high tide of banker power in America, largely run by Rockefeller through JP Morgan.
Taft, Sherman/1912		^Pre-November Bankers don't have Congressional support to pass bill so they back Democrats, financing Democratic Presidential nominee Woodrow Wilson. Republican representative, Louis T. Mcfadden, explains 20 years later as Chairman Of House Banking & Currency Committee: "When Woodrow Wilson is nominated...the Party promised...there would be no central bank established here while they held the reins of government." ^{November 5} Woodrow Wilson is elected, so JP Morgan, Paul Warburg, Bernard Baruch et al, advance the same bank plan now named Federal Reserve (FR) by Warburg, cloaked in "Glass-Owen Bill."	^~ Senate outs Aldrich bill as bill to benefit bankers. Republican Congressman Charles A. Lindbergh states: "The Aldrich plan is the Wall Street Plan. It means another panic, if necessary, to intimidate the people. Aldrich, paid by the government to represent the people, proposes a plan for the trusts instead." ^~ During Presidential campaign Woodrow Wilson pretends to oppose Aldrich bill.

Wilson, Marshall/1913		^April Averell Harriman, son of railroad baron Edward Henry Harriman, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones.	^October 16th amendment is pushed thru Congress by Senator Aldrich, legalizing income tax of people. Income tax is fundamental to FR since FR runs up unlimited debt & income tax is only guarantee of payment on interest (collateral). This is same method Bank Of England uses. 16th amendment is never ratified & in 1895 the Supreme Court finds income tax law similar to the 16th amendment unconstitutional. The Supreme Court also finds a Corporate Tax Law unconstitutional in 1909. ^{December 22} FR Act, aka Glass-Owens bill, is pushed through Senate Christmas night after most Senators left town & after reassurance that nothing would be done on bill until after Christmas recess. Representative Charles A Lindbergh Sr. states: "This Act establishes the most gigantic trust on earth. When the President signs this bill, the invisible government of the monetary power will be legalized. The people may not know it immediately, but the day of reckoning is only a few years removed...The worst legislative crime of the ages is perpetrated by this banking & currency bill." Woodrow Wilson signs the bill into law, as his financial backers intended. Private owners of Federal Reserve Bank have likely been identified.
Wilson, Marshall/1914	^{July 28} World War 1 begins.	^~ German Rothschilds loan money to Germans, British Rothschilds loan money to British & French Rothschilds loan money to French. ^~ One year after passage of Federal Reserve Bill Representative Lindbergh outlines how FR creates business cycle for their advantage.
Wilson, Marshall/1915		^~ JP Morgan becomes sales agent for War Materials Board to both British & French in WW1 thereby becoming biggest consumer on planet. ^~ President Wilson appoints banker Bernard Baruch to head War Industries Board. ^Note Baruch & the Rockefellers profit by ~$200M dollars during WW1 per historian James Perloff.						^March Congressman Oscar Callaway inserts account into Congressional Record of how Rockefeller/Rothschild seized control of media via JP Morgan. V
Wilson, Marshall/1916		^~ President Wilson continues: "Some of the biggest men in the United States, in the field of commerce & manufacture, are afraid of something. They know there is a power somewhere so organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it."

Wilson, Marshall/1917		^April Prescott Bush, father of George Herbert Walker Bush, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones. ^April E. Roland Harriman, Prescott friend & Averill's younger brother, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones.
Wilson, Marshall/1918	^{November 11} World War 1 ends.	^April Robert A. Lovett, future partner of Brown Brothers Harriman, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones.	^~ Web-Pomerene Act is passed by congress legalizing cartels & monopolies outside US. The loophole sets robber barons loose on the world.		^~ Irving Berlin writes "God Bless America," the song that inspires Woody Guthrie to write "This Land is Your Land" in 1940 as a rebuttal.
Wilson, Marshall/1919	^January WW1 officially ends with Paris Peace Conference which bankers Paul Warburg & Bernard Baruch attend with President Wilson. At top of banker's agenda is World Government, aka "League Of Nations," now called New World Order, which fails since US Congress does not support it. A. Dulles, State Department delegate, attends. ^{June 28} Treaty of Versailles is adopted. US is one of few nations not to ratify it. ^~ J. Edgar Hoover, working for Justice Department since WW1, is promoted to head new General Intelligence Division.	^~ Allen Dulles is State Department delegate to Paris Peace Conference. Resulting Versailles Treaty makes it illegal to sell arms to Germany.								^* J. EDGAR HOOVER: V
Wilson, Marshall/1920	^{January 10} Leauge of Nations is formed. Treaty of Versailles goes into effect with harsh treatment of Germany, a catalyst for rise of Nazis.	^April Henry Luce, CIA propagandist/future owner of Time/Life, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones.	^{February 24} German Workers' Pary announces name change to National Socialist German Workers' Party.

Harding, Coolidge/1921	^{July 11} In Germany, Hitler threatens to resign from Nazi Party unless he is made authoritarian leader. ^{July 29} Hitler is introduced to Nazi gathering as "der Führer" of the Nazis, the first time that title is used. ^~ J. Edgar Hoover joins Bureau of Investigation as deputy head.	^August Prescott Bush marries Dorothy Walker & goes to work for Herbert Walker, his father-in-law. ^~ Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is formed. Initial members include Robert A. Lovett. ^~ Haroldson Lafayette Hunt (HL Hunt) joins oil boom in El Dorado, AR where he becomes lease broker & promotes his first well.	^~ Warren G. Harding becomes US President kicking off the "roaring twenties." The economy grows in spite of WW1 debt because Harding reduces taxes domestically & increases tariffs on imports.							^* HAROLDSON LAFAYETTE HUNT (HL HUNT): V
Harding, Coolidge/1922		^~ Averell Harriman uses father's money to establish banking business W.A. Harriman & Co.			^{March 27} Late President Theodore Roosevelt is quoted in the NY Times: "These International bankers & Rockefeller-Standard Oil interests control the majority of newspapers & the columns of these newspapers to club into submission or drive out of public office officials who refuse to do the bidding of the powerful corrupt cliques which compose the invisible government." V			^{March 27} Theodore Roosevelt quote in NY Times makes it clear that Rockefeller owns the media.

Coolidge/1923	^{November 9} Hitler's attempt to overthrow Bavarian government, the Beer Hall Putsch, fails. ^{November 11} Hitler is arrested for treason.	^October Fritz Thyssen, German political conservative & rich industrialist, attends speech by Adolf Hitler leader of Nazi Party. Thyssen is impressed with Hitler--his opposition to Treaty of Versailles, his opposition to socialism & trade unions, & begins making large donations to party to fight off "Communists/Jewish conspiracy against Europe" & support Hitler's vision of a fascist German monarchy with a nonunion national work force.	^{August 22} President Harding dies on a train in mysterious circumstances, reportedly food poisoning or stroke, but no autopsy is done. New President Coolidge continues Harding's economic policies, growing economy & shrinking national debt.						^~ President Harding dies under mysterious circumstances, possibly from food poisoning or stroke.
Coolidge/1924	^{April 1} Hitler is sentenced to serve 5 years in prison where he begins begins work on Mein Kampf. ^{May 10} Coolidge appoints J. Edgar Hoover Director of Bureau of Investigation in response to allegations that prior Director William J. Burns was involved in financial scandals in Harding administration. ^{December 20} Hitler is released from prison after serving only 9 months.	^~ W. A. Harriman & Co. invests money for American client's (including Rockefellers) with companies in Nazi Germany via subsidiaries. In one 3-year period Harriman firm sells more than $50 million of German bonds to American investors who profit enormously from economic boom in Germany. ^~ Harriman subsidiary Union Banking Corporation (UBC) opens with Herbert Walker as president. It is owned by Rotterdam bank, Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart. Rotterdam bank is owned by Fritz Thyssen, Hitler's chief financier, who has bank in Berlin, August Thyssen Bank. The 3 private banks are used to launder money, conceal profits, evade taxes & move Thyssen assets around. No matter who wins WW2, corporate stocks will be shifted around to the bank in a "neutral" country when the war is over so he doesn't have to surrender war profits. Dutch royal Prince Bernhard helps Thyssen hide accounts in Dutch banks. ^~ Attorney John McCloy joins law firm Cravath, Henderson & de Gersdorff. He becomes friendly with W. Averell Harriman and Robert A. Lovett.								^* FBI:
Coolidge, Dawes/1925	^{February 27} Nazis hold 1st public meeting since Beer Hall Putsch. Hitler is banned from public speaking for 2 years for anti-Semitic remarks.	^~ HL Hunt claims to have fortune of $600,000. He buys whole block in El Dorado & builds a 3-story house for his family.					^{July 18} Mein Kampf is published. Hitler originally wanted it titled "4&1/2 Years of Struggle Against Lies, Stupidity & Cowardice."
Coolidge, Dawes/1926		^{1926 - 1928} Henry Stimson becomes Governor General of the Philippines. ^~ A. Dulles leaves government to become Wall Street lawyer with brother John Foster Dulles, in Sullivan & Cromwell (S&C). S&C works with Hitler's financial agent to acquire large German monopolies, especially in steel & chemicals, as clients. ^~ Thyssen creates United Steel Works (USW), the biggest industrial conglomerate in German history, & merges with coal magnate Fredich Flick, motivated by determination to suppress new labor & socialist movements. ^~ P. Bush's father-in-law appoints him VP of W. A. Harriman & Co, which also employs Skull & Boners Harrimans & Knight Woolley. Bush supervises USW & subsidiary Consolidated Silesian Steel Company (CSSC). Flick owns 2/3 of CSSC stock & Harriman owns 1/3.	^~ Oil depletion allowance, huge tax breaks for oil industry, is approved by congress making TX oil barons super wealthy.
Coolidge, Dawes/1927	^{March 10} Ban on Hitler speaking publicly is revoked.	^~ E. Roland Harriman joins brother Averell in W.A. Harriman & Co & the name is changed to Harriman Brothers & Company. ^~ John McCloy is sent to establish an office in Milan. Over the next few years he traveled throughout Italy, France and Germany on business, & works as an adviser to the fascist government of Benito Mussolini. He develops the view that German Reparations from WW1 are unwise & unfair, stating: "Practically every merchant bank and Wall Street firm, from J. P. Morgan and Brown Brothers on down, was over there (Germany) picking up loans. We were all very European in our outlook, and our goal was to see it rebuilt." McCloy argues that otherwise Germany would be taken over by the communists who were getting support from the Soviet Union.		^{November 21} Picketing miners are massacred in Columbine, CO.
Coolidge, Dawes/1928		^~ Thyssen pays for purchase & renovation of Munich's Barlow Palace, renamed Brown House, to serve as Nazi headquarters. After this Thyssen & Hitler become close friends.

Hoover, Curtis/1929		^{1929 - 1933} Stimson becomes Secretary of State (SOS) under President Herbert Hoover. ^April Banker Paul Warburg warns friends that nationwide depression is planned for 1929. So certain Wall Street giants: John D. Rockefeller, J. P. Morgan, Joseph Kennedy, Bernard Baruch, et al-get out of stock market 1st & put assets into cash or gold. ^August Federal Reserve tightens money supply. ^~ In his dealings with Germany John McCloy works closely with Paul M. Warburg. Coincidently or not McCloy does not put his money into stocks & shares & is unaffected by the Wall Street Crash. ^{October 24} New York bankers call in 24 hour loans so both stockbrokers & customers must dump stocks at any price to cover. ^{October 29} Great Depression starts with stock market crash known as Black Thursday.
Hoover, Curtis/1930		^~ German Fritz Thyssen becomes a leading backer of Nazi Party. Its union-hating agenda is considered good for business. He joins business associate in donating 1,000,000 marks. According to NY Herald Tribune 7/31/41: "Herr Thyssen’s status are not new in the history of the man who, more than any other, financed Hitler’s rise to power."	^{May 5} Fish (House) Committee is formed ostensibly to root out Communists, more likely to harrass FDR. ^{September 14} Nazis take second place in the German parliamentary elections.	^{February 3} "Chicagorillas," labor racketeers, shoot & kill contractor William Healy with whom the Chicago Marble Setters Union had problems. ^{April 14} Over 100 farm workers are arrested for unionizing activities in Imperial Valley, CA; 8 are convicted of criminal syndicatism.
Hoover, Curtis/1931		^February Republican Congressman, Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of House Banking & Currency Committee, warns of Bank of England plan to "take almost any means to reacquire rapidly the gold stock which Europe lost to America as a result of WW1... You have all heard of the spending that has taken place in Germany...All this was given to Germany through the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board...has pumped so many billions of dollars into Germany that they dare not name the total." ^Note The money pumped in to Germany in preparation for WW2 went into German Thyssen banks affiliated with Harriman interest in NY. ^December Thyssen officially joins Nazi party. ^~ Harriman Brothers & Company merges with Brown Brothers & Co. to create holding company Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. (BBH) P. Bush becomes senior partner & is put on board of directors of UBC.		^{May 4} Gun-toting vigilantes attack striking miners in Harlan County, KY.
Hoover, Curtis/1932	^{July 17} Thousands of WWI veterans, dubbed the Bonus Army, converge on DC & demand immediate payment of bonuses due them in 1945 to provide relief for those unemployed due to the Depression. They are are attacked & dispersed by General MacArthur's troops. V	^September Thyssen invites group of elite German industrial tycoons to his castle to meet with Hitler. They spent hours questioning Hitler, who answers all their questions to their "utmost satisfaction," Thyssen remembers. Money pours in from industrial circles mostly due to Hitler's "monarchistic attitude" towards labor & issues of class. ^~ German Fritz Thyssen & other industrialists sign letter successfully urging Hindenburg to appoint Adolf Hitler chancellor. At earlier meeting of Association of German Industrialists Thyssen raises 3,000,000 more for the Nazi Party in forthcoming election. He is rewarded with membership in the Reich’s Grand Economic Council, in Prussian State Council & with seat in Reichstagg. ^~ HL Hunt Production Company has 900 wells in East TX.	^{April 10} Paul von Hindenburg is reelected to German Presidency. ^{June 16} German President Hindenburg revokes ban on paramilitary groups of Nazi Party: the SS & the SA. ^{July 20} Martial law is declared in Berlin in reaction to political violence of SA. ^{August 13} Nazis demand that Hitler be appointed chancellor or else they will not enter into the government. ^{August 30} Hermann Goring is elected to president of the Reichstag, the German parliament. ^November German voters grew weary of Hitler's antidemocratic tendencies & turn to Communist party which gains the most seats in fall election. Nazis lose 35 seats in Reichstag but are secretly negotiating power sharing alliance with reelected President Hindenburg that ultimately leads to Hitler declaring himself dictator, German voters are politically insignificant.	^{March 7} Police kill striking workers at Ford's Dearborn, MI plant.

Roosevelt, Garner/1933	^{April 1} Hitler calls for 1-day nation-wide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses. ^{April 7} Jews employed by German government are fired. Government places limit on number of Jewish students in higher education. ^{April 26} German Gestapo is formed. ^{May 2} To repay the industrialists who funded his rise to power, Hitler orders the Storm Troopers to arrest Germany's trade union leaders, who are sent to concentration camps. All labor union funds, including pension and benefit funds, are seized. ^{May 10} Hitler gives Robert Ley the task of forming the German Labor Front (DAF), the only union organization allowed in the Third Reich, formed to teach the Nazi philosophy to German workers and to weed out from industrial employment all who were backward in their lessons. Hitler bans political parties with socialist (pro labor) leanings. ^{May 19} German government decrees that "trustees" of labor, appointed by Hitler, should regulate the conditions of all labor contracts, replacing the former process of collective bargaining. ^{May 30} Germany's treatment of Jewish citizens is condemned by the League of Nations. ^{June 24} In Germany the remaining Christian Trade Unions are seized pursuant to an order of the Nazi Party signed by Ley. ^{July 14} Nazi Party is declared to be the only legal political party within Germany. ^{October 14} Germany withdraws from League of Nations. ^~ A pay freeze is imposed in Germany & is rigorously enforced by the Labor Front, which also dictates wages. Compulsory deductions made for income tax. The Labour Front issues work-books that record worker's employment record; no one can be employed without one.	^{July 1} General Smedley Butler is asked by American Legion members representing J.P. Morgan to help overthrow FDR gov't. Many large banking firms hate FDR & are anti-New Deal ("conservative"). ^~ Stimson becomes Secretary of War.	^{January 30} Hindenburg appoints Hitler as Chancellor & Hitler is sworn in. ^{February 3} Hitler makes his first address in office. He outlines goal of obtaining living space in the east. ^{February 27} Reichstag, Germany's parliament, is set afire giving Nazis the pretext they need to deny liberties & solidify power. Communists are blamed, conveniently targeting union supporters that Hitler's rich industrialist backers hate. ^{February 28} Hitler's government declares state of emergency suspending all civil rights. Communist members of Reichstag are arrested. Labor unions are soon crushed. ^{March 4} FDR is inaugurated after being elected on a New Deal coalition platform known as "liberal." Soon Democratic Congress passes emergency banking bill, gives mortgage relief to millions, creates Reconstruction Finance Corporation, the Tennessee Valley Authority & gives the Federal Trade Commission new regulatory powers. FDR rejects deficit spending. Industrialists support higher wages for employees as a way of increasing consumption. Prohibition is repealed. FDR's New Deal provides relief for unemployed, economic recovery & regulation of Wall Street via the Security & Exchange Commission (SEC). Many New Deal programs are abolished in the 1940s; FDR's most important permanent legacies include Social Security & the SEC. ^{March 20} Existence of a concentration camp at Dachau is revealed by Heinrich Himmler. ^{March 23} Hitler is granted dictatorial powers over Germany with the passing of the Enabling Act. ^{April 5} FDR outlaws private ownership of gold bullion & coins, essentially confiscating gold. The government pays $20-66 an ounce for the gold.	^{October 10} 18,000 cotton workers go on strike in Pixley, California; 4 are killed before a pay-hike is finally won. ^~ National Labor Relations Act (NLRA, also known as the Wagner Act), passes congress to become law. [Date?]			^{March 13} Joseph Goebbels is appointed Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment & Propaganda.
Roosevelt, Garner/1934	^{January 20} Reward to German industrialists, who support Hitler, continues with the Law Regulating National Labor, known as the Charter of Labor, which decrees that the owners of enterprises should be the "fuehrers" and the workers should be the followers. The enterpriser-fuehrers should "make decisions for employees and laborers in all matters concerning the enterprise." Wages are set at a low rate, workers cannot make wage demands, strikes are forbidden. ^{August 2} Paul von Hindenburg, President of Germany, dies. ^{August 3} Hitler merges powers of President & Chancellor. All military personnel are required to swear oath of loyalty to him. ^{August 19} Hitler declares himself der Führer, the Leader, of Germany.	^May "Business Coup" against FDR fails when General Smedley Butler exposes plot & financial backers calling themselves American Liberty League (ALL). "ALL" worked for or with: Morgan, Mellon, Du Pont, Weirton Steel & Sun Oil. Also there-Hal Roach, Hollywood producer admirer of Mussolini.	^{November 20} McCormack-Dickstein congressional committee investigates fascist "Business Plot" to oust FDR & seize white house. ^~ Congressional investigation claims Bush/BBH/Walker Hamburg America Line subsidizes pro-Nazi propaganda in Germany & the US.	^{September 1 - 22} Strike in Woonsocket, RI part of a national movement to obtain a minimum wage for textile workers, result in deaths of 3 workers. Over 420,000 workers ultimately go on strike. ^~ 1300 National Guard troops, included 8 rifle companies & 3 machine gun companies, are called in to disperse strikers at Electric Auto-Lite Strike in Toledo, OH. 2 strikers die & over 200 are wounded. ^~ 2 longshoremen are shot to death by San Francisco Police during International Longshoremans & Warehouse union strike.			^November NY Times leads campaign to ridicule Butler's charges, quoting a string of denials from people he named. Luce's Time magazine mocks Butler & his claims, comparing him to General Custer.	^{May 2} Canadian Attorney Gerald G. McGeer obtains evidence deleted from the public record from SS Agents at trial of John Wilkes Booth after Booth's death. McGeer sais it shows that Booth was mercenary for international bankers.
Roosevelt, Garner/1935	^{March 9} Germany announces the existence of the Luftwaffe, the German air force. ^{March 16} Military service becomes compulsory in Germany. ^{June 26} In Germany a compulsory labor service decree is issued: young men & women between the ages of 18 & 25 are conscripted for labor. Ley explains his purpose: "in eliminating the association character of the trade union and employees' associations, and in its place we have substituted the conception 'soldiers of work'." The productive manpower of the German nation is now in Nazi control. They won the battle to liquidate labor unions as potential opposition & impose upon the working class the burdens of for aggressive warfare. ^{August 31} FDR signs Neutrality Act with aim of keeping nation out of a 2nd war in Europe. ^{September 15} Nuremberg Laws, designed to achieve "racial purity," are passed by German Reichstag stripping Jews of all rights & legalizing their persecution. Jews are prohibited from sexual relations & marriage with non-Jewish Germans. The swastika is officially incorporated into the German flag. ^~ US Bureau of Investigation's powers are broadened. It is renamed Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).	^{February 15} McCormack-Dickstein committee reports to congress verifying JP Morgan plot against FDR but taking no action against plotters.	^February After gold confiscation at $20-66/ounce official price of gold is raised to $35/ounce but only foreigners can sell at higher price. Since 1919 world price of gold is set at private bank N. M. Rothschild & Sons in London, 11:00 am daily. Therefore gold shipped to London before stockmarket crash can now be sold back to US government at higher price. FDR orders building of a gold bullion depository called Fort Know to hold confiscated gold. ^~ HL Hunt, Incorporated, is superseded by Placid Oil Company & the shares are divided into trusts for Hunt's 6 children.	^{November 9} Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) is formed to expand industrial unionism.		^~ The Wagner Act--the key labor measure of the New Deal--cancels the employees right to fight the organizing process & to refuse to bargain collectively. Governmental intervention thereby crucially assists the union cause, but undermines the voluntary framework of US labor relations.	^February Morgan-controlled media tries to bury coup story but Butler's outspokenness, & journalist John L. Spivak's publication of committee transcripts, expose it. ^{March 28} Triumph des Willens (Triumph of the Will), one of the seminal works of Nazi propaganda, premiers in Berlin. ^~ Time magazine describes Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia as a "civilizing mission"& ridicules the Ethiopians. ^~ A. Harriman is co-founder of Today magazine with Vincent Astor, which merges with Newsweek in 1937.	^February Frank Vanderlip admits to Saturday Evening Post that group of central bankers wrote banking bill that became 1913 Federal Reserve Act. ^~ Release of book "War Is a Racket" by Major General Smedley Butler in which he exposes the profit motive behind warfare. His views are well summarized in the following passage from a 1935 issue of "the non-Marxist, socialist" magazine, Common Sense: "I spent 33 years & 4 months in active military service & during that period I spent most of my time as a high class muscle man for Big Business, for Wall Street & the bankers. In short, I was a racketeer, a gangster for capitalism. I helped make Mexico & especially Tampico safe for American oil interests in 1914. I helped make Haiti & Cuba a decent place for the National City Bank boys to collect revenues in. I helped in the raping of half a dozen Central American republics for the benefit of Wall Street. I helped purify Nicaragua for the International Banking House of Brown Brothers in 1902-1912. I brought light to the Dominican Republic for the American sugar interests in 1916. I helped make Honduras right for the American fruit companies in 1903. In China in 1927 I helped see to it that Standard Oil went on its way unmolested." ^~ Release of best-selling book "Road to War" by Walter Millis changes many minds about US participation in WW1. Per Amazon review by Bomojaz: "...Although America declared neutrality at the beginning of hostilities in Europe, she was actually supporting the side of the Entente (England, France, Italy) from the start. Thus, while most of the country didn't want America in the war & President Wilson had promised to keep the country out of it, because the country had from the beginning "chosen one side over the other," she was inextricably drawn in. Subsequent events - submarine warfare, the sinking of the Lusitania, the Mexican fiasco, the principles of "watchful waiting"&"preparedness for peace" - only fanned the already well-burning fire. Millis is particularly opposed to the war-mongers such as Theodore Roosevelt, whom he characterizes as extremely irresponsible..."
Roosevelt, Garner/1936	^{February 25} The British government begins work to rearm nation for looming conflict. ^{March 7} German Jews are prohibited from voting in elections for the Reichstag. Germany takes back Rhineland. ^{March 29} In nation-wide vote 98.7% of Germans support recent reoccupation of Rhineland & abandonment of Treaty of Versailles. ^{May 11} During a speech Pope Pius XI names Communism as the "greatest evil to men." ^{September 4} Labor court in Berlin rules that any non-Jewish German who marries non-Aryan is to be fired from their job. ^{September 24} German government orders Jewish-owned employment agencies to shut down. ^{October 4} German Chamber of Culture decrees that all Jewish art galleries must close their doors by year's end. ^{November 23} Over 2,000 books written by Jewish authors are blacklisted by German government. ^{December 7} In Germany the last Jewish-owned department store is "Aryanized." ^~ In Britain's House of Commons Winston Churchill declares re-militarization of the Rhineland a triumph for Hitler & speaks of the danger to Britian. He complains the spirit of British people is tamed & cowed "with peace films, anti-recruiting propaganda and resistance to defense measures." He is denounced as a scaremonger & warmonger.	^{June 18} Faced with exposure of financial collusion with Nazi Germany, Bush & Harriman hire A. Dulles to cloak assets which includes Hamburg America Line, a cover for German chemical company I.G. Farben. ^{August 1 - 16} John J. McCloy, "Chairman of the Board of the American Establishment," a future Warren Commission member, shares a box with Hitler at the 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics. ^{October 1} Long time Federal Reserve critic Louis T McFadden is poisoned to death. ^~ HL Hunt buys Excelsior Refining Company in & changes name to Parade Refining Company. He also founds Hunt Oil Company.	^{June 4} Leon Blume is elected French Premier. He is 1st socialist & 1st Jew to hold that office.		^{August 1} Berlin Germany Olympic games begin.		^{July 9} German Minister of Propaganda Goebbels halts anti-Jewish state-sponsered propaganda until Berlin Olympics are over.		^{October 1} Louis T McFadden is poisoned to death after surviving 2 earlier assassination attempts.
Roosevelt, Garner/1937	^{January 16} Gestapo dissolves all Jewish youth organizations throughout the Reich. ^{January 22} German government asks its citizens not to patronize Jewish doctors. ^{January 24} Goering orders Reinhard Heydrich to organize the emigration of all Jews living in Germany. ^{February 1} Hitler's government forbids German citizens from accepting any Nobel Prize. ^{April 11} German Ministry of the Interior issues decree revoking citizenship of Jews. ^{May 9} In Germany Jews are officially barred from receiving university degrees. ^{May 14} Performance of music from Beethoven & Mozart by Jews in forbidden in Germany. ^{October 5} Breaking his long-held pro-neutrality stance FDR warns against continued American isolationism, saying that aggressors must be "quarantined." ^{October 20} European Nazi police begin the picketing of Jewish shops & market stalls. ^{December 14} German government declares Gypsies to be "inveterate criminals" & orders all those identified as "asocial" to be sent to concentration camps.	^January Dulles merges all his cloaking client accounts into one: Brown Brothers Harriman-Schroeder Rock. ^{March 8} Residue gas from HL Hunt's Parade Refining Company causes New London Explosion, killing at least 300 people & injuring hundreds.	^{April 10} Lyndon Baines Johnson (LBJ) successfully runs on New Deal platform for Congress in special election for 10th District of Brown and Root is main financial backer. TX Majority Leader Sam Rayburn becomes his mentor. ^{November 17} Meetings between Edward Wood, Lord Halifax & Hitler begins marking beginning of Britain's policy of appeasement.	^{February 11} General Motors recognizes United Auto Workers union following sit-down strike. ^{May 26} Walter Reuther & UAW supporters fresh from organizing GM & Chrysler, attempt to distribute leaflets at Ford Motor Company's River Rouge plant & are beaten up (together with bystanders) by Ford Service Department guards. ^{May 30} Police kill 10 & wound 30 during "Memorial Day Massacre" at the Republic Steel plant in Chicago.			^~ Pope Pius XI publishes encyclical entitled Divini Redemptoris, condemning atheistic Communism.			^* LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON: V
Roosevelt, Garner/1938	^{January 25} Gestapo is given the authority to detain prisoners under "protective custody" without charging them with a crime. ^{January 28} FDR calls for the rearmament of US. ^{February 4} Chief of the High Command of German army Werner von Fritsch is fired by Hitler on fabricated charges of homosexuality. Hitler assumes direct personal control over the army. ^{April 24} German Jews are required to register their property with the government. ^April Socialist Party announces that FDR-style liberalism is "a prelude to war." The Socialist Party leader, Norman Thomas, speaks against collective security as a way of stopping fascist aggression. Staying out of war, he claims, is the best way of avoiding fascism in the United States. American Federation of Labor joins the isolationists, its executive council announcing its opposition to any step that might lead to war. ^{June 5} German edict goes into effect that Jewish doctors are to treat only Jewish patients. ^{July 2} Nearly 40,000 Jews in Nazi-controlled Austria are taken into "protective custody". ^{July 21} German government passes legislation to require identity cards for Jews. ^{July 27} German streets with Jewish names are renamed. ^{August 12} Germany begins to mobilize a full military. ^{September 27} Jews are prohibited from practicing law in Germany. ^{November 9 - 10} "Night of the Broken Glass" (Kristallnacht) against Jews takes place. World reaction is largely negative. FDR expresses horror&dismay. A Gallop poll records 94 percent disapproval of "Nazi treatment of Jews." ^{November 11} Hitler orders Hermann Goering to find solution to the "Jewish question" & frees him to use whatever resources are necessary. ^{November 12} German government orders Jewish population to pay 1 billion Reichsmark for the damages from Kristallnacht. ^{November 14} FDR withdraws US ambassador to Germany in protest of Kristallnacht. ^{November 15} Jewish children are expelled from their schools throughout the Reich.	^April J. Richardson Dilworth, who will manage Rockefeller forune, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones. ^~ Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman states: "The stock of money, prices & output was decidedly more unstable after the establishment of the Reserve System than before. The most dramatic period of instability in output was, of course, the period between the 2 wars...This evidence persuades me that at least a third of the price rise during & just after World War I is attributable to the establishment of the Federal Reserve System...& that the severity of each of the major contractions--1920-21, 1929-33 & 1937-38-- is directly attributable to acts of commission & omission by the Reserve authorities." ^~ Fritz Thyssen "flees" Germany claiming Hitler turned on him & seized his property so he owns no interest in foreign companies. Under rules of Allied occupation of Germany all property owned by citizens of neutral nation that was seized by Nazis must be returned to the neutral citizens upon proper presentation of documents showing proof of ownership. Thyssen accumulated much proof of neutral ownership with help of UBC. ^~ HL Hunt family moves to Dallas.	^~ House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) is formed to investigate German American involvement in Nazi & KKK activity. TX Congressman Martin Dies however is supporter of Klan & speaks at rallies. Other members of HUAC such as John Rankin & John S. Wood are also Klan sympathizers. Wood defends Klan by arguing that: "The threats & intimidations of the Klan are an old American custom, like illegal whisky-making." Investigations of KKK are dropped. Instead, HUAC concentrates on investigating possibility that American Communist Party infiltrated New Deal Projects like Federal Writers Project, to discredit accomplishments of FDR's administration. ^Note Brown & Root (now Halliburton) are LBJ's main financial backers. He repays them with fat government contracts such as building the Corpus Christi Naval Station.	^{June 25} Wages & Hours (Fair Labor Standards) Act is passed banning child labor & setting 40-hour work week. Act goes into effect in October 1940 & is upheld in Supreme Court on 3 February 1941.
Roosevelt, Garner/1939	^{January 1} German Jews are required to wear badges & are banned from working with non-Jewish Germans. ^{January 30} In a speech to the Reichstag Hitler states that outcome of world war will be destruction of the Jewish race. ^{February 21} German Jews are ordered to surrender gold & silver with the exception of wedding bands. ^{April 20} The largest display of military might in the history of Germany celebrates Hitler's 50th birthday. ^{September 1} World War 2 begins when Hitler's Nazis invade Poland believing that Britain & France will not go to war. He says, "Our opponents are poor creatures. I saw them at Munich." ^{September 3} Britain & France declare war on Germany, joined by India & New Zealand. The British cannot send help to Poland & the French sit on their border rather than invade Germany. ^{September 9} All Jewish males are shipped from town of Gelsenkirchen to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp near Berlin. Women & children are left unprotected. ^{September 24} Poland surrenders to Germany. ^~ FBI becomes pre-eminent in field of domestic intelligence. ^~ J. Edgar Hoover lobbies vigorously to expand the FBI jurisdiction globally to become the one US intelligence agency. FDR opts instead to create the OSS under Hoover rival William Donovan, a move that was supported by British intelligence counterparts. As a result Hoover resents OSS & British intelligence as obstacle to his dream of controlling all US intelligence, foreign & domestic.	^April William Bundy, son of 1909 Bonesman Hollister Bundy, brother of McGeorge, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones.	^{April 15} FDR appeals to Hitler & Mussolini to cease their campaigns of aggression. ^{April 28} In a globally-broadcast speech, Hitler mocks Roosevelt's requests for peace. ^{August 2} Research on atom bomb begins after Einstein-Szilárd letter to FDR informing him of German work on atomic weapons.	^{February 27} US Supreme Court rules that sit-down strikes are illegal.		^{July 23} Mohandas Gandhi writes letter to Hitler telling him he is "the one person in the world who can prevent a war which may reduce humanity to the savage state." He ends the letter with "your sincere friend."	^{May 23} In preparation for invasion of Poland Goebbels puts propaganda machine into full force against Poles.
Roosevelt, Garner/1940	^{September 16} US selective service bill is made law, requiring service for men between the ages 21 through 35. ^May US Navy moves base of its Pacific Ocean fleet from San Diego to Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Admiral Yamamoto Isoruku, commander of Japan's Combined Fleet, describes the move as "tantamount to a dagger pointed at our throat." ^{June 5} Hitler invades France & 11 days later French government votes for armistice with Germany. Germany agrees to peace with a friendly French government. German forces remain in France along the coast of the English channel. ^~ Air war between Britain & Germany begins.	^{1940 - 1946} Stimson becomes Secretary of War. ^December Lovett accepts appointment as special assistant for air affairs to Secretary of War Stimson. ^April McGeorge Bundy, son of 1909 Bonesman Hollister Bundy, brother of William, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones. ^~ Spending lifts US out of the depression. Millions go to work in what is called the defense industry.			^June John F. Kennedy (JFK) graduates cum laude with a BS degree from Harvard. ^July JFK's college thesis "Appeasement in Munich," about UK's failure to prepare itself against Nazi Germany, is published as book "Why England Slept."	^{December 24} Mohandas Gandhi writes 2nd letter to Hitler: "..."Your own writings & pronouncements & those of your friends and admirers leave no room for doubt that many of your acts are monstrous & unbecoming of human dignity." ^~ Woody Guthrie writes "This Land is Your Land" in response to Irving Berlin's syrupy jingoistic song "God Bless America." It contains lyrics rarely taught in school: "In the squares of the city, In the shadow of a steeple; By the relief office, I'd seen my people. As they stood there hungry, I stood there asking, Is this land made for you & me?"
Roosevelt, Wallace/1941	^{February 25} Joseph Goebbels writes in diary: "Cables from the USA to the short-wave service are generally very positive. My work is also greatly respected there. America does not consist entirely of Jews & plutocrats. It is just that the can shout the loudest." ^{March 11} FDR signs Lend Lease Act, enabling him to send war materials, including ships, to nations at war. ^{April 10} Goebbels writes in diary: "With the fall of Yugoslavia, we shall also take possession of enormous potential sources of raw materials. Particularly copper, which we could do with." ^{June 14} Goebbels writes in diary that Hitler, looking forward to invasion of Soviet Union, says "And victory is right, moral & necessary, & once we have won, who is going to question our methods?" ^{June 14} US freezes German & Italian assets in America. ^{June 26} FDR freezes Japanese assets in US & suspends relations. ^June FDR names William Donovan Coordinator of Information (COI), 1st head of US Espionage. A. Dulles heads NY HQ in Rockefeller Center. ^June COI opens London office, works closely with British Espionage. ^{July 31} Göring instructs Heydrich to make plans "..for bringing about the complete solution of the Jewish question." ^{August 1} US announces an oil embargo against all countries except Britain. Japan is forced to make a decision in the war. ^{August 12} Churchill & FDR meet in New Foundland & create "Atlantic Charter." expressing "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live." ^{August 18} Hitler orders that all Jews in Berlin to be moved to the slums of Poland. ^{September 1} Nazis order Star of David is to be placed on all Jews over age of six. ^{December 7} US enters WW2 after Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. ^{December 12} Goebbels writes in diary: "With respect of the Jewish Question, the Führer [Hitler] has decided to make a clean sweep. He prophesied to the Jews that if they again brought about a world war, they would live to see their annihilation in it. That wasn't just a catch-word. The world war is here, & the annihilation of the Jews must be the necessary consequence."	^{1941 - 1942} A. Harriman becomes director of Lend-Lease program of the US State Department. ^{1941 - 1945} Lovett, partner in BBH, becomes Assistant Secretary of War for Air overseeing massive expansion of Army Air Forces and procurement of huge numbers of WW2 aircraft. ^June A. Harriman, FDR's special envoy to Europe, attends meeting between Winston Churchill & FDR. Outcome of 5-day meeting is Atlantic Charter, a common declaration of principles of the US & UK. ^{October 20} US government orders seizure of Nazi German banking operations in New York City, including A. Harriman owned Union Banking Corporation, of which P. Bush is Director, shareholder & VP.	^{June 28} Congressman Johnson loses special election for US Senate seat, to replace deceased Morris Sheppard, still running as FDR New Dealer, in election marked by massive fraud on both sides. Brown & Root gives huge sums of cash to LBJ, going so far as to literally give money away at LBJ campaign rallies. Even this money could not buy the election because the opponent was even more corrupt. Brown & Root violate IRS rules over campaign contributions, largely in charging off its huge donations as deductible company expenses. Subsequent IRS investigation threaten to bring criminal charges against Brown & Root as well as LBJ & others. It is not quashed until FDR himself tells IRS to back off & allow Brown & Root to settle for pennies on the dollar. LBJ retains seat in Congress where he continues to repay Brown & Root. ^{November 27} Stimson & FDR conspire to provoke Japanese into first strike so US can enter WW2. ^{December 7} Pearl Harbor in Hawaii is bombed by the Japanese, resulting in US entry into WW2. ^{December 13} FDR signs Trading With the Enemy Act after learning UBC is doing business with Hitler's Germany, declared enemy of US. ^{December 9} LBJ, recognizing he'll need war service for his political aspirations, becomes 1st member of Congress to volunteer for active duty, becomes reserve Naval officer. He convinces FDR to send him on an inspection tour of the southwest Pacific where MacArthur allows him to go on single bombing mission as an observer. LBJ is awarded his Silver Star by MacArthur for his one & only combat mission on June 9, 1942. He wears it the rest of his life & exaggerates his war exploits.	^{June 20} Henry Ford recognizes the UAW. ^{December 15} AFL pledges there will be no strikes in defense-related industry plants for the duration of war.	^September JFK is sworn in as an ensign in the US Navy at age 24.		^{July 31} Washington Post runs NY Herald Tribune's article about Thyssen, hiding Harriman & Bush involvement by omitting parts.	^{July 31} NY Herald Tribune front page article about UBC is headlined "Thyssen Has $3,000,000 Cash in New York Vaults." This prompts congressional investigation in which UBC is taken over by the US government under the Trading with the Enemy Act.
Roosevelt, Wallace/1942	^{January 23} Discussion about final solution to "Jewish problem" begins. End result is mass murder of Jewish people. ^{January 23} Japanese-Americans are segregated out of US Army units. ^{February 26} German physicist Werner Heisenberg informs Hitler about new wonder (atomic) weapon (wunderwaffen). ^{March 21} Jews are removed from their ghetto in Lublin, Poland & sent to extermination camps. ^{March 23} US government begins moving Japanese-Americans to internment camps from war zone areas on the Pacific Coast, but not from Territory of Hawaii, where they are more numerous. ^{March 27} Deportation of Jews from France to the extermination camp at Auschwitz, in Poland, begins. From elsewhere in Europe, since February, box cars carrying Jews have been arriving at Auschwitz. Jews there are 60% of prison population. ^{June 12} In Amsterdam Anne Frank receives a diary as a present for her thirteenth birthday. ^{June 13} Office of Strategic Services (OSS) replaces COI. Donovan recruits rich & powerful as agents & assetts. ^{June 22} Germans begin "resettling" Jews from the Warsaw ghetto, walled Jewish community 7 miles square. Anyone trying to leave or refuse is shot. Exempt are those Jews working for German institutions & companies. ^{December 12} Hoover's FBI starts file on Charlie Chaplin saying he wants tolerance & understanding for Soviet Union's Communism.	^June George HW Bush joins US Navy to become an aviator. ^August Under authority of Trading with the Enemies Act Congress seizes 1st of Bush-Harriman managed Thyssen entities: Hamburg American Line. ^{October 10} Harriman/Bush's UBC is seized by US government under Trading with the Enemy Act. Adolf Hitler's financiers, the Thyssen family, formed UBC to help cloak assetts. A US congressional report describes UBC as an "interlocking trust" with the German Steel Trust. UBC is also involved in raising funds for Germany & illegally transferring aviation fuel technology to the Luftwaffe. ^{October 26} Two more Harriman affiliates are seized by the US government under the Trading with the Enemy Act: Holland American Trading Corporation & the Seamless Steel Equipment Corporation. By November, the Silesian-American Corporation, another of P. Bush's ventures, is also seized because it profits allegedly profits from slave labor at Auschwitz via a partnership with IG Farben, Hitler's third major industrial patron & partner in the infrastructure of the Third Reich. ^{November 11} Another Harriman affiliate is seized by the US government under the Trading with the Enemy Act: Silesian-American Corporation. ^Note P. Bush's UBC, in conjunction with Thyssen's German Steel Trust, produces roughly 1/3 of Nazi war machine, specifically: 50.8% pig iron, 41.4% universal plate, 36% heavy plate, 38.5% galvanized steel, 45.5% pipes & tubes, 22.1% wire, 35% explosives. All are needed to build tanks, fighter planes, guns & bombs.	^{July 16} LBJ returns to Washington after FDR orders congressmen on active duty to return to their lawmaking responsibilities. ^August Richard Nixon joins the US Navy as lieutenant & is sent to the Pacific. ^December LBJ purchases Austin radio station KTBC using wife's money & name. FCC gives unusually fast approval for media ownership by public official. He becomes wealthy doing political favors in return for ad revenues, using radio station as a front for laundering bribe money. ^~ Bobby Baker becomes a page in the US Senate & LBJ his mentor, resulting in his nickname "Little Lyndon."				^{February 2} LA Times says a Japanese-American "almost inevitably...grows up to be a Japanese not an American."			^* RICHARD NIXON: V ^* BOBBY BAKER: V
Roosevelt, Wallace/1943	^{January 24} FDR, Churchill, Henri Giraud & Charles DeGaulle conclude a 10-day meeting at Casablanca & decide the war must end with unconditional surrender of enemy nations. ^April Donovan recruits Catholic Church in Rome to be center of Anglo-American spy operations in Fascist Italy. It becomes one of America’s most enduring spy alliances in the Cold War. ^{November 22 - 26} FDR, Churchill & Chiang Kai-shek meet in Cairo, Egypt & agree that Japan will be "stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of WW1," & "all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese...shall be restored to the Republic of China."		^{1943 - 1946} Averell Harriman becomes US Ambassador to the Soviet Union.		^March JFK earns command of PT-109 as a lieutenant. ^{August 3} While on active duty in the Pacific, PT-109 is sunk by Japanese. JFK heroically in rescues crew.	^{February 20} US studio executives agree to allow the Office of War Information to censor movies.	^March Benjamin Bradlee, childhood friend of Richard Helms, joins naval intelligence as communications officer handling classified cables.
Roosevelt, Wallace/1944	^{January 20} US Secretary of War Stimson announces that Japanese-Americans are eligible for the draft. ^{June 6} D-Day. From England 50,000 British, Canadian & US troops land on beaches of Normandy in largest amphibious landing ever. ^{August 4} Anne Frank & family are arrested by Gestapo in Amsterdam.	^June The International Monetary Fund (IMF) & World Bank are approved with full US participation. They repeat on a world scale what the National Banking Act & Federal Reserve Act established in the US. They created a banking cartel comprising the world's privately owned central banks, which gradually assumed the power to dictate credit policies to the banks of all nations. V	^{November 4-7} FDR wins a fourth term.	^{December 28} FDR orders Army to seize executive offices of Montgomery Ward after they fail to comply with National War Labor Board directive on union shops.	^{June 11} JFK is qwarded Navy & Marine Corps Medal & Purple Heart for his actions while in command of PT-109. ^{August 12} JFK's older brother, Joe Jr., is killed when Air Force plane explodes shortly after take-off.
Roosevelt, Truman/1945		^{1945 - 1949} Joint UK/US interrogation team unsuccessfully questions Fritz Thyssen about his role in the missing billions in assets of the Third Reich. He did not divulge his secret ownership of banks enabling him to transfer ownership documents-stocks, bonds, deeds & trusts- from his bank in Berlin through his bank in Holland to Union Bank in NY. ^~ Lovett returns to Brown Brothers Harriman.	^{April 12} FDR dies making Harry Truman President after only weeks as VP.		^{March 1} JFK is honorably discharged from Navy with full rank of lieutenant.

Truman/1945	^{January 26} Soviet troops enter Auschwitz. ^{February 3 - 11} Stalin, Churchill & FDR meet at Yalta & firm up agreements including coalition government for Poland. Stalin speaks of continuing good relations but warns that they may be divided by "diverse interests." ^{February 13} British bombers firebomb 11 square miles of Dresden, Germany which was filled with people fleeing from the advancing Soviet forces. US joins bombing the city & Dresden burns for 5 more days killing at least 60,000. ^{March 9} Incendiary bombing of Tokyo begins. Firestorm consumes oxygen & suffocates thousands as liquid glass rolls down streets. Around 200,000 die. ^{April 11} Hitler's Gestapo phones Buchenwald concentration camp to order staff to blow up the camp & its inmates. Camp administrators have already fled so an inmate answers the phone &, pretending to be an administrator, says it has already been done. The Gestapo does not arrive. A few hours later the US Army arrives. ^{April 30} Hitler supposedly commits suicide. ^{May 1} Joseph Goebbel's commits suicide along with family & pets. ^{May 7} Germany surrenders unconditionally to the allies. ^{May 28} Churchill sends memo to Air Marshall Arthur Harris: "It seems to me that the moment has come when the question of bombing of German cities simply for the sake of increasing the terror, should be reviewed." ^{July 21} Since July 17 Stalin, Churchill & Truman have been at Potsdam Conference. Truman remains suspicious of Stalin & Soviet Union, which is scheduled to enter the war against Japan. Truman approves use of atomic bomb against Japan, supposedly thinking it will be on a purely military target. ^{July 26} Winston Churchill is voted out as British Prime Minister. ^{July 27} Truman cables Japan from Potsdam & warns of "utter devastation of the Japanese homeland" unless they surrender unconditionally. ^{August 6} Japanese have not accepted Truman's demand for unconditional surrender only because they want to retain their emperor, a god to their culture. The military has participated in choosing non-military city of Hiroshima as target & the US drops its atomic bomb. Truman informs US on radio & refers to Hiroshima as "non-military" target. ^{August 8} Soviet Union declares war on Japan. ^{August 9} Truman drops A-bomb on Nagasaki on advice of Stimson, who considers old imperial capital of Kyoto too sacred to bomb. ^{August 15} Japan surrenders. ^{September 2} World War 2 ends when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender is signed on USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. Japanese Emperor is allowed to remain by Stimson. ^September Operation Paperclip is approved by Truman, allowing US intelligence & military to import Nazi scientists from Germany. ^{November 20} In Nuremberg Germany war crimes trials begin.	^{December 27} Truman approves World Bank & International Monetary Fund (IMF)	^{October 1} Truman dissolves OSS since it is a wartime agency with no war & rival J. Edgar Hoover successfully persuaded Truman that the OSS in peacetime would be an "American Gestapo". Covert actions cease. At the end of the war, Truman fired Hoover’s enemy William Donovan & abolished the OSS that he had managed so successfully. In the overseas intelligence vacuum created by the dismantling of the OSS, Hoover again put forth a proposal to extend the scope of the FBI to intelligence gathering overseas. He sent to Truman his "Plan for U.S. Secret Worldwide Intelligence Coverage." ^{October 24} United Nations (UN) is formed replacing "League Of Nations" with same goal of One World Government.
Truman/1946	^{October 15} Hermann Goering poisons himself hours before he is scheduled to be hanged.	^~ Lovett leaves BBH works with General George Marshall as under SOS.	^January Nixon leaves Navy in January 1946 to run for Congress. During campaign he attacks New Deal & says his Democratic Party opponent is an enemy of free enterprise. ^{March 5} Cold War begins when Winston Churchill makes "Iron Curtain" speech, at Truman's invitation to home state of MO. Communism officially becomes the new boogeyman--a tool of the political right with many aims including opposing organized labor on behalf of the business community. The tactic of Red-baiting makes it possible to oppose unions without having to address economic issues. ^{March 14} Stalin responds to Churchill: "In substance, Mr. Churchill now stands in the position of a firebrand of war." ^{April Fools} Allied occupation of Indochina officially ends. US recognizes Indochina, including Vietnam, as under French control. ^{November 5} US meat shortages, economic difficulties & labor unrest help Republicans win majorities in congress for first time since 1930: Nixon wins congressional seat after accusing incumbent of being soft on communism; Joseph McCarthy is elected to US Senate after exaggerated stories about his military service in the Pacific." ^~ LBJ helps Brown & Root get $21,000,000 contract to build navy & airforce bases on Guam. With LBJ in Congress, their net worth increases 5-fold over previous decade. ^~ HUAC becomes permanent committee to investigate "suspected threats of subversion or propaganda that attack "the form of government guaranteed by our Constitution," i.e., communists. New Congressman Nixon is a member of committee. ^~ Averell Harriman briefly becomes US Ambassador to Britain. ^~ Averell Harriman becomes United States Secretary of Commerce until 1948.	^{April 1} Strike by 400,000 mine workers in the US begins. US troops seize railroads & coal mines the following month. ^{October 4} US Navy seizes oil refineries to break 20-state post-war strike. ^~ Workers in packinghouses nation-wide go on strike.	^{November 5} JFK is elected as US representative for Boston's 11th Congressional District at age 29.
Truman/1947	^{February 27} Truman prompts congress to declare Communism a threat to Western civilization to scare country into accepting Cold War arms spending. Result is long "nuclear war" scare followed by long "red menace" scare. ^{March 12} Truman solidifies Cold War with Truman Doctrine speech pledging American support against Communism. Plan is to aid Greece & Turkey, to support "free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way." ^{July 12} Truman announces Marshall Plan earmarking $13B for rebuilding allied countries of Europe, repelling communism, escalating Cold War. Stalin is hostile toward plan accusing Western powers of seeking to divide Europe into 2 hostile camps. ^{September 7} Stalin frets about economic recovery in part of Germany occupied by Britain, France & US, proclaiming: "imperialists want war." ^October HUAC holds hearings into alleged Communist propaganda in Hollywood movie industry. V	^{September 18} Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is created by Truman via National Security Act. Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter is appointed 1st Director of Central Intelligence (DCI). ^~ CIA interferes in 2-year Greek civil war helping neo-fascists beat leftists who had fought Nazis. Neo-fascists institute brutal regime.	^June LBJ woos conservative voters, who believe that federal controls upon labor unions are needed, by supporting Taft-Hartley Act. He joins successful coalition to override Truman's veto of Taft-Hartley Act. ^{March 21} Truman sees fears of a Communist takeover of US government as ridiculous, but bows to public pressure & institutes loyalty oaths for federal employees. ^{September 18} Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is created by Truman via National Security Act. Supposedly limited to subversive operations abroad, CIA actually protects profits of US corporations, especially defense contractors & crushes alternatives to Capitalism. It is closely allied with Yale's Skull & Bones. War Department becomes Department of Defense. [1,3]	^{June 23} Labor-Management Relations (Taft-Hartley) Act becomes law in spite of Truman's description as "slave-labor bill" & veto. The federal law, greatly restricts activities & power of labor unions & is a response to perception that labor has become too powerful.		^{April 15} Jackie Robinson joins major league baseball at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers.	^{October 27} Film stars in Committee for the First Amendment: John Huston, William Wyler, Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Danny Kaye and Gene Kelly; arrive in DC to urge congress to let artists work free of government interference. Danny Kaye states the motion picture industry has not been putting propaganda into its work.			^~ Jack Ruby (Jacob Rubenstein) moves to Dallas where he manages various nightclubs including Carousel Club, favorite hangout of instutionally corrupt Dallas Police Department (DPD) close to Ruby. He gives them large quantities of liquor & other favors. ^* JACK RUBY: V
Truman/1948	^{January 20} Truman begins military conscription.	^{April 18} CIA interferes in Italian elections to prevent Communist Party from legally & fairly coming to power. ^April George Herbert Walker Bush, son of P. Bush, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones. ^June CIA revives covert action wing, innocuously called Office of Policy Coordination, led by Wall Street lawyer Frank Wisner. Secret charter includes propaganda. V	^{January 27} Congress passes Smith-Mundt Act. ^{March 17} Truman speaks to Congress, blames Soviet Union for communist take over in Czechoslovakia & calls on Congress to pass Marshall Plan & to enact universal military training & Selective Service bill. ^{April 3} Republicans in Congress opposed Marshall Plan, complaining about throwing billions of dollars into "a bottomless pit of wasteful altruism." But Communist coup in Czechoslovakia turns them around & they help approve the $5.3 billion plan. ^{August 28} LBJ, with campaign manager John Connally, runs right-wing anti-union platform, opposing anti-lynching bill, in 2nd US Senate race. Steals primary with 202 blatant fraudulent "votes" cast in alphabetical order, not included in original count. Primary is contested over vote fraud & federal court rules against LBJ, who has attorney Abe Fortas persuade US Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black, to overturn the ruling. ^{November 2} LBJ becomes US senator by winning general election. Brown & Root invested $1 million dollars to insure win & Bell Aircraft let him travel by helicopter all over the state. ^Note Freshman Senator Johnson is mentored by Senator Richard Russell, leader of Conservative coalition & arguably the most powerful man in Senate. ^{November 2} Truman defeats Thomas Dewey & wins re-election. Dixiecrat candidate, Governor J. Strom Thurmond, carries 4 states: Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama & his home state, S. Carolina. Most people have merely read about the campaigns in the newspapers. TV is still uncommon.	^{April 20} Labor leader Walter Reuther was shot & seriously wounded by would-be assassins.	^November JFK is reelected as US representative for Boston's 11th Congressional District.		^{January 27} Congress passes Smith-Mundt Act to fund global Cold War propaganda, mainly against Soviet Union. Act turns gov't-funded broadcasting & information programs into Cold War classified weapon. National Security Council (NSC) creates Office of Special Projects (OSP), renamed Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), separate from CIA. OPC covert action wing, is funded by siphoning of funds intended for the Marshall Plan. Secret charter includes: psy-ops, propaganda, economic warfare & sabotage. Wisner's OPC establishes Operation Mockingbird a propaganda program to influence domestic & foreign media. Washington Post's Philip Graham runs Mockingbird which soon owns members of NY Times, Newsweek, CBS et al. V ^{July 20} US federal government indicts all 12 members of the governing board of Communist Party USA, charging them with advocating "destruction of the government of the United States by force&violence." ^{August 15} US CBS-TV begins 15-minute nightly newscast. ^~ Ben Bradlee starts working for the Washington Post in 1948 as a reporter.	^{August 5} Fortune magazine prints story on Hunt calling him richest man in the US. It estimates value of his oil properties at $263 million & daily production of crude from his wells is 65,000 barrels. ^{August 5} Jim (Earling Carothers) Garrison is earns law degree from Tulane University after being released from the US National Guard. He works for the FBI for 2 years then returns to National Guard.	^{January 30} Mahatma Gandhi, who has been supported peace between Hindus & Muslims, is shot dead.	^* GEORGE HERBERT WALKER BUSH: V
Truman/1949	^~ US & UK spend years trying/failing to replace Albanian Communist gov't with pro-Western/corporate gov't with ties to Italian fascists & Nazis.	^January Lovett returns to BBH. ^{1949 - 1950} Averell Harriman works on the Marshall Plan. ^~ CIA creates propaganda wing via Operation Mockingbird. V	^{January 2} LBJ elected Majority Whip of US Senate. ^{May 31} Alger Hiss is tried for perjury. He worked for the Nye Committee, which investigates & documents wartime profiteering by military contractors during WW1, i.e., antagonizing American industrial & banking giants. Since Germany was illegally rearming some wanted to discredit Hiss, while raising new Congressman Nixon's profile. So Whittaker Chambers, a Senior Editor at Luce's rabid anti-communist right wing Time magazine, states that Hiss had been a member of the communist party. Hiss denies it & Nixon suggests that rather than proving Hiss was a Communist, which would be tough, he could prove that either Hiss or Chambers was lying. Nixon, after strategizing with Allen & JF Dulles, presents flimsy forged "evidence" that he uses to accuse Hiss of perjury. ^{July 7} Alger Hiss perjury trial ends in hung jury. ^{November 17} 2nd Alger Hiss perjury trial begins.	^{July 4} US Department of Classroom Teachers, representing 350,000, unanimously opposes loyalty oaths. ^{July 15} Truman establishes national housing policy providing federal aid to slum clearance programs & low-cost housing projects.		^{April 29} US George F. Kennan, former diplomat in Soviet Union concerned about public opinion states publicly that Russians are not an enemy of the American people, that they still believe in "decency, honesty, kindliness, & loyalty in the relations between individuals."	^{April 28} Speaking to the American Newspaper Publishers Association, Herbert Hoover calls for expelling communist countries from UN & receives "thunderous, almost impassioned ovation." ^~ Operation Mockingbird is launched by the CIA to recruit American news assetts as spies & disseminators of propaganda. Headed by Frank Wisner, A. Dulles, Richard Helms & Philip Graham (publisher of Washington Post which becomes major CIA asset). Eventually CIA's media assets include: ABC, NBC, CBS, Time, Newsweek, AP, UPI, Reuters, Hearst, Scripps-Howard, Copley & more, totalling at least 25 organizations & 400 journalists.			^~ Edward Clark introduces Malcolm/Mac Wallace to LBJ.
Truman/1950	^{January 11} Truman announces program to develop the hydrogen bomb. ^{June 17} US SOS Dean Acheson sends JF Dulles to S. Korea. Dulles visits the 38th parallel & speaks of US determination to stand by S. Korea. ^{June 25} Korean War starts.	^September General Marshall brings Lovett back into government as deputy secretary of defense when he takes over at Pentagon where he is instrumental in the creation of the CIA. ^April William F. Buckley, CIA propagandist, becomes member of secret Yale society Skull & Bones. ^{February 7} James Paul Warburg appearing before Senate states: "We shall have World Government, whether or not we like it. The only question is whether World Government will be achieved by conquest or consent." V ^{October 7} Walter Bedell Smith becomes DCI. ^~ Lovett becomes Secretary of Defense (SOD) during the Korean War. He focuses on long-range rearmament program & argues for large budgets for Korean war as well as expansion of all branches of armed forces. Like Marshall, Lovett believs that the US erred at end of WW2 by disintegrating the military. He is a proponent of NATO. ^~ CIA Project Bluebird, the first CIA mind control program, begins with the purpose of creating new identities, inducing amnesia, inserting hypnotic access codes in subjects' minds, creating multiple personalities, & creating false memories. V	^{January 21} Alger Hiss perjury trial ends with guilty verdict & he is sentenced to 5 years of prison. In 1975, as a result of Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) suits by Hiss et al, DOJ documents become public that expose evidence against him as fraudulent; he is exonerated. ^{February 9} Senator Joe McCarthy makes claim, & 1st national headline, by telling the Ohio County Republican Women’s Club there are 205 Communists in US State Department. He provides no names yet is given senate committee to investigate charges, fueling red scare Hoover tried unsuccessfully to fuel. Throughout McCarthy era Hoover & the FBI supply McCarthy with confidential information, speech writers, & training in the timing of press releases just prior to the national press deadlines in order to avoid embarrassing & unanswerable questions until after the charges are already in print. In return McCarthy generates headlines that Hoover can't. The atmosphere that McCarthy created allows the FBI to flourish, gaining the increased funding, power, & prestige desired by Hoover for years. McCarthy becomes Hoover's proxy, even attacking agents of his CIA nemesis. ^{September 22} Truman vetoes Internal Security (McCarran-Wood) Act, saying it would "betray our finest traditions" & "curb the simple expression of opinion. Sep 23 Congress overrides Truman's veto the next day & McCarran-Wood Act becomes law. ^{November 8} Congressman Nixon runs for seat in US Senate, wins against Helen Gahagan Douglas, whom he described as pink (almost communist) while she coined phrase "Tricky Dick."	^{August 27} Truman orders US Army to seize nation's railroads to prevent general strike. Railroads are returned to owners 2 years later. ^Note Closely allied to McCarthy's attacks on communism, the industrialists in the business of cracking down on labor militants and repressing leftists are supposed forces of law & order--local & state police, FBI & military intelligence. Many of these groups are formed specifically to fight radicalism & crush labor unrest & it was not uncommon for them to be subsidized by local businesses. But they had their own interests as well. Because of the authoritarian mind-set that law enforcement work breeds among its practitioners, opposition to radicalism was widespread. Moreover, their own bureaucratic interests, including the desire to present themselves as protecting the community against the threat of internal subversion, inspired them to exaggerate the danger of radicalism.	^{November 4} JFK is reelected as US representative for Boston's 11th Congressional District.	^{April 21} Seattle Northgate shopping mall opens, beginning US trend toward shopping malls with parking taking customers away from main street & requiring customers to have cars.	^~ Cord Meyer becomes disillusioned with political liberalism, begins working with CIA. He forms the Committee to Frame a World Constitution with others, as a result makes contact with: the International Cooperative Alliance, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, the Indian Socialist Party & the Congress of Peoples Against Imperialism. It is almost certain that this is done on behalf of the CIA.			^October Mac Wallace begins working with the US Department of Agriculture in TX & begins affair with LBJ's sister, Josefa, who also had relationship with John Kinser, owner of a Austin golf course. She tells Kinser about her brother's corrupt activities, then Kinser asks Josefa to approach LBJ for financial help. Johnson refuses & Kinser may have resorted to blackmail. ^* PENTAGON/JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF: ^~ David Ferrie, future CIA asset, becomes stridently anti-Communist. ^* DAVID FERRIE:
Truman/1951	^{April 9} General MacArthur has defies Truman who wants a ceasefire in Korea with Korea divided as before at the 38th parallel. After MacArthur writes letter to Republican House Minority Leader criticizing Truman, Truman's advisers agree MacArthur is a problem ^{April 11} Truman fires MacArthur. ^{April 12} In Europe MacArthur's dismissal is considered good news. In the US Republicans call for Truman's impeachment. The Chicago Tribune agrees. Senator Nixon demands that MacArthur be reinstated. ^{June 25} Truman says he does not want a wider war & is ready for war to end with division at the 38th parallel.	^July Averell Harriman is sent to Tehran to mediate between Persia & Britain after Persian nationalization of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. ^{August 20} CIA Project Artichoke arises from Project Bluebird, with goal of controlling an individual completely. V ^~ OPC & CIA are merged. ^~ Bush & Harrimans reclaim Union Bank from the US Alien Property Custodian, along with their "neutral" Dutch assets. Fritz Thyssen dies & remaining UBC shareholders liquidated their stock. P. Bush receives $1.5 million for his stock. ^~ HW Bush establishes Bush-Overby Oil Development, an oil-drilling business in Texas.					^{1951 - 1963} HL Hunt promotes extreme right wing politics in 2 radio shows he financially supports: Facts Forum & Life Line. Facts Forum is also an organization that produces & distributes radio & TV programs & subsidizes mass distribution of anticommunist & jingoistic books & pamphlets. ^~ CIA absorbs OPC & plants "important assets" inside every major US news publication. Director A. Dulles recruits radical right wingers William Paley (CBS), Charles Douglas Jackson (Fortune), Henry Luce (Time) & Arthur Hays Sulzberger (N.Y. Times) for Operation Mockingbird. ^~ A. Dulles recruits Cord Meyer officially into the CIA & Operation Mockingbird under Wisner.			^{October 22} Mac Wallace goes to Kinser's miniature golf course & shoots him several times, then escapes in his station wagon. A customer/witness makes note of Wallace's license plate & Wallace is arrested & charged with murder. He is released on bail after Edward Clark arranges for two of Johnson's financial supporters, M. E. Ruby & Bill Carroll, to post bond. Johnson's attorney, John Cofer, agrees to represent Wallace. ^~ Ferrie moves to New Orleans to work as a pilot for Eastern Air Lines. ^* CIA/MOB/EXTREMIST ANTI-CASTRO CUBAN EXILES:
Truman/1952	^{February 26} British Prime Minister Winston Churchill announces possession of an atomic bomb. ^{November 18} Lovett writes letter to Truman proposing restructure of Department of Defense. His recommendations for his successor play important role in reorganization in early Eisenhower administration & he acts as adviser.	^~ HL Hunt, who has radical right-wing political views, launches & funds Douglas MacArthur for President campaign.	^~ Averell Harriman campaigns for Democratic nomination for president but loses.	^{April 8} Truman orders US Army to seize nation's steel mills to avert strike. It is later ruled illegal by Supreme Court.	^{November 4} JFK is elected as senator from Massachusetts.	^{April 7} TV is becoming a large part of the lives of Americans. "I Love Lucy" is a huge hit.	^~ HL Hunt's Facts Forum radio show endorses Senator Joseph McCarthy. ^~ Actors' Guild president Ronald Reagan is recruited by Mockingbird's Crusade for Freedom to raise funds for resettlement of Nazis into US. Reagan serves as FBI informant & collaborates with producers to purge movie industry of subversives. ^~ Reporter Ben Bradlee befriends Senator Kennedy.

Eisenhower, Nixon/1952	^{October 16} British face nationalization of oil they have controlled in Iran. Aware that the British are plotting to have him overthrown, Premier Mossadegh severs diplomatic relations. British ask US join plot against Mossadegh but Truman refuses.		^{July 9} Senator Joe McCarthy tells a cheering audience at Republican Convention that he will not soften his blows on Communist issues because "a rough fight is the only fight Communists can understand." ^{July 11} Eisenhower (who detests Senator McCarthy) wins Republican nomination for President. ^{November 4} Eisenhower easily defeats Democrat Party candidate Adlai Stevenson, a high-minded liberal.	^{June 2} US Supreme Court rules that Truman seizure of nation's steel mills to avert strike was illegal.			^{1952 - 1953} Ben Bradlee joins staff of the Office of U.S. Information & Educational Exchange (USIE), the embassy's propaganda unit which produces films, magazines, research, speeches, & news items for use by the CIA throughout Europe. USIE (later USIA) also controls Voice of America, a means of disseminating pro-American "cultural information" worldwide. While at the USIE Bradlee works with E. Howard Hunt.			^{February 1} Mac Wallace resigns from his government job in order to distance himself from Senator Lyndon Johnson. ^{February 18} Mac Wallace's trial begins. Cofer admits his client's guilt but claims it was an act of revenge as Kinser had been sleeping with Wallace's wife. The jury finds Wallace guilty of murder with malice afore-thought. 11 jurors are for the death penalty; the 12th argues for life imprisonment. Judge Charles O. Betts overrules the jury, imposes 5 year suspended sentence & frees Wallace. Several jurors explain to Kinser's parents they agreed to "suspended sentence due to threats against their families. Edward Clark & LBJ arrange job for Wallace with Luscombe Aircraft Corporation which eventually becomes part of Ling-Tempco-Vought (LTV), a conglomerate funded by Clark's oil industry clients.
Eisenhower, Nixon/1953	^{April 16} Eisenhower states: "Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger & are not fed, those who are cold & are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone. It is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. This is not a way of life at all in any true sense. Under the clouds of war, it is humanity hanging on a cross of iron." ^{July 26} Fidel Castro, 26 & brother, Raul, 22 & more than 100 others attack military garrison in Cuba. 61 rebels die & others are captured. ^{July 27} Korean War ends.	^{April 20} CIA Operation MKUltra arises from Project Artichoke, experimenting with mind control on unwitting subjects, some of whom die. V ^{January 20} Lovett returns to BBH as active partner. ^{October 7} Allen Dulles becomes DCI. ^~ CIA overthrows Iran's democratically elected Mohammed Mossadegh in military coup after he threatens to nationalize British oil & replaces him with dictator, Shah of Iran, whose secret police, SAVAK, is as brutal as the Gestapo. ^~ Although Federal Law requires annual physical audit of Fort Knox's gold, last audit is done under Eisenhower. Fort Knox which is found to contain over 700 million ounces of gold, 70% of the world's gold. ^~ HW Bush uses BBH money to form Zapata Petroleum Co., a CIA front, with Thomas J. Devine, a CIA staffer who "resigned" to go into private business.	^{January 3} LBJ becomes youngest minority leader in Senate history at age 44. ^{January 3} Dwight D. Eisenhower becomes President of the US & Nixon VP. ^{March 6} Stalin dies. Malenkov succeeds Stalin as the Soviet Union's Premier & as First Secretary of its Communist Party. ^August Wisner becomes enemies with J. Edgar Hoover who begins carrying out investigations into their past. He soon discovers some of them were active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. This information is passed to Joseph McCarthy who starts attacking members of the OPC. McCarthy accuses Cord Meyer of being a communist. The FBI adds to the smear by announcing it is unwilling to give Meyer "security clearance" because he was a member of several groups considered subversive by the Justice Department, including being National Council on the Arts, where he associated with Norman Thomas, leader of the Socialist Party. It is also pointed out that wife, Mary Meyer, was a former member of the American Labor Party. Meyer is eventually cleared of these charges & allowed to keep his job.		^{January 3} Evelyn Lincoln starts work as JFK's personal secretary. ^{September 12} JFK marries Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in Newport, R.I.	^{January 10} "The Crucible," Arthur Miller's play about the "red scare," opens on Broadway. FBI has a file on Miller that describes him as "under Communist Party discipline."	^{June 19} Julius & Ethel Rosenberg are executed in US for supposedly conspiring to commit espionage & passing nuclear weapons secrets to Russian agents. ^{June 19} Ben Bradlee helps the CIA manage European propaganda regarding the spying conviction & execution of Julius & Ethel Rosenberg. He begins working for Newsweek, still officially employed by USIE, & divorces his first wife to marry Antoinette Pinchot. Antoinette's sister, Mary Pinchot Meyer, is married to Cord Meyer, Operation Mockingbird's principal operative. Mary is a committed pacifist. This insures that the FBI starts a file on her political activities. Initially Cord's politics are also liberal.
Eisenhower, Nixon/1954	^{July 13 - 21} Geneva settlement is signed that divides Vietnam temporarily. For 2 years French will maintain administration in South half. Then elections will reunite Vietnam. Vietnamese are talked into signing by China's delegate, Chou Enlai. ^{November 20} US begins sending aid directly to the regime of Ngo Dinh Diem in southern Vietnam, by-passing the French.	^{May 19} US Postmaster General Summerfield approves CIA mail-opening project. ^{May 29 - 31} Prince Bernhard, a Nazi SS Officer who helped Thyssen hide money in Dutch banks during WW2, is co-founder of Bilderberg group which meets annually to "promote understanding between the cultures of US & Western Europe," i.e., where the elites of the western world formulate policy that helps further their New World Order agenda. ^{June 18 - 27} CIA overthrows Guatemala's democratically elected Jacob Arbenz in a military coup. Among the CIA agents involved: Tracy Barnes (in charge), David Atlee Phillips, Jacob 'Jack' Esterline, E. Howard Hunt, David Morales & Henry Hecksher. Possibly William Harvey & William (Rip) Robertson. V ^{1954 - 1958} CIA officer Edward Lansdale starts 4 years trying to overthrow communist government of N. Vietnam & CIA attemps to legitimize tyrannical puppet regime in S. Vietnam, headed by Ngo Dinh Diem. They fail since S. Vietnamese people know Diem government is opposed to true democracy, land reform & poverty reduction measures. ^~ CIA assimilation of right wing radicals is handled by Nelson Rockefeller, who is succeeded by VP Nixon in 1955.	^{January 7} In state of the Union message Eisenhower recommends legislation that takes away the citizenship of anyone "conspiring to advocate the overthrow of this government by force or violence." ^{March 6} Edward R. Morrow of CBS television broadcasts his "Report on Senator McCarthy." ^{March 10} Eisenhower describes Senator McCarthy as a peril to the Republican Party. ^{June 2} Senator McCarthy claims communists are working in the CIA & in atomic weapons plants. ^{June 14} Eisenhower signs a law that adds the words "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance. ^{July 12} Eisenhower proposes interstate highway program to counteract inefficiency in transportation of goods& "appalling inadequacies to meet the demands of catastrophe or defense, should an atomic war come." ^{August 24} US Communist Control Act provides severe penalties for Communists who fail to register, or become involved in Party activities. ^{September 8} Eisenhower administration creates South East Asia Treaty Organization, a political-military alliance to "contain communism." ^{November 2} LBJ re-elected to US Senate. ^{December 2} US Senate votes to censure Joe McCarthy, for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor & disrepute" due to his bullying & slanderous tactics. ^~ Averell Harriman becomes Governor of NY to prepare for presidential run.	^{May 17} Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (BvB), landmark US Supreme Court decision, declares establishment of separate public schools for black & white students inherently unequal. It paves the way for integration & civil rights movement. Eisenhower feels it's his duty to accept it but does not like the decision, stating that southern whites are good people who just don't want their daughters sitting next to black children & he believes that one can't change hearts.	^{October 21} JFK undergoes surgery for a back injury possibly received during PT-109 incident.		^~ Operation Mockingbird, now overseen by A. Dulles, has major influence over 25 newspapers & wire agencies. These organizations are run by people with well-known right-wing views such as William Paley (CBS), Henry Luce (Time Magazine & Life Magazine), Arthur Hays Sulzberger (New York Times), Jerry O'Leary (Washington Star), Barry Bingham Sr., (Louisville Courier-Journal), James Copley (Copley News Services) & Joseph Harrison (Christian Science Monitor). One of the most important journalists under Mockingbird is Joseph Alsop, whose articles appear in over 300 newspapers. Other journalists promoting the views of the CIA include Stewart Alsop (New York Herald Tribune), Ben Bradlee (Newsweek), James Reston (New York Times), Charles Douglas Jackson (Time Magazine), Hal Hendrix (Miami News), Walter Pincus (Washington Post), William C. Baggs (Miami News), Herb Gold (Miami News) & Charles Bartlett (Chattanooga Times). These journalists sometimes wrote articles that were unofficially commissioned by Meyer was based on leaked classified information from the CIA. ^~ Wisner arranges for the funding the Hollywood production of Animal Farm, the animated allegory based on George Orwell's book.	^{November 8} Eisenhower writes to his brother: "Should any political party attempt to abolish social security, unemployment insurance, and eliminate labor laws&farm programs, you would not hear of that party again in our political history. There is a tiny splinter group, of course, that believes you can do these things. Among them are H. L. Hunt (you possibly know his background), a few other Texas oil millionaires, & an occasional politician or business man from other areas. Their number is negligible & they are stupid." ^{1954 - 1958} Garrison works for New Orleans law firm Deutsch, Kerrigan & Stiles.		^* DAVID ATLEE PHILLIPS: V ^* DAVID SANCHEZ MORALES: V ^* TED SHACKLEY: V ^* HENRY HECKSHER: V ^* WILLIAM (RIP) ROBERTSON: V
Eisenhower, Nixon/1955	^{January 22} US announces plan to develop Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles armed with nuclear weapons. ^{February 12} Eisenhower sends 1st US "advisors" to S. Vietnam to aid the government under US puppet Ngo Dinh Diem. ^{April 18} Albert Einstein dies in Princeton NJ at age 76. Days before his death he signs Russell-Einstein Manifesto, drafted by Bertrand Russel, which says researchers must take responsibility for their creations, such as the atomic bomb. ^{May 14} "Warsaw Pact" is formed as a response to what is claimed to be a threat from NATO & the re-militarization of Germany. Member states are the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland & Romania. ^{June 16} US House of Representatives votes to extend Selective Service until 1959. ^{June 30} US begins funding West Germany’s rearmament. ^{October 26} Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam a republic with himself as president.	^{January 13} Chase National & the Bank of Manhattan merge resulting in the 2nd largest US bank. ^{March 31} Chase National (3rd largest bank) & Bank of the Manhattan Company (15th largest bank) merge to form Chase Manhattan. ^{August 4} Eisenhower authorizes $46 million for construction of CIA headquarters.	^{January 13} Eisenhower meets with newspaper publisher Roy Howard in oval office & expresses resistance under pressure to commit American troops to Vietnam. Conversation is recorded on dictabelt machine Eisenhower secretly installed. ^{April 6} Winston Churchill resigns as British prime minister; is replace by Anthony Eden. ^{May 5} West Germany becomes a sovereign state. ^{June 30} UN report says US is facing increased competition in Latin American markets from Soviet Union & Soviet bloc. ^{July 2} LBJ suffers severe heart attack & enters Bethesda Naval Hospital. ^{July 21} During Geneva summit Eisenhower presents open skies proposal under which US & USSR would trade info on military facilities. ^{August 7} LBJ released from Bethesda Naval Hospital. ^{August 8} Castro, after 2 years in prison, receives amnesty from Batista. In Mexico with other Cuban exiles he forms "July 26th Movement." ^{August 27} LBJ returns to LBJ Ranch to recuperate. ^{September 24} Eisenhower suffers heart attack. NY Stock Exchange consequently losses $44 million, heaviest one-day loss since 1929. ^December LBJ return to Washington & Capitol Hill. ^~ LBJ becomes youngest majority leader in Senate history. Bobby Brown becomes his secretary. Carole Tyler becomes secretary & mistress to the married Baker. Tyler is room mate of Mary Jo Kopechne, who is secretary for Senator George Smathers.	^{April 30} West German unions protest for 40-hour work week & higher wages. ^{May 31} US Supreme Court orders that states must end racial segregation "with all deliberate speed." ^{August 12} Eisenhower raises minimum wage from $0.75 to $1 an hour as of 3/27/56. ^{August 28} Emmett Till, black 14 year old from Chicago, is abducted from uncle's home in Money, MS, by white men after he supposedly whistled at Carolyn Bryant, a white woman. He was found murdered 3 days later. Eyewitnesses linked her husband Roy Bryant & half-brother J.W. Milam to murder. Bryant & Milam were indicted Sep 10 for a trial on Sep 19 & acquitted by all-white jury. The area was a cotton-trading center where the white racist Citizens Councils maintained their regional headquarters. ^{November 7} US Supreme Court outlaws racial segregation in public parks, playgrounds & golf courses. ^{December 1} Rosa Parks, 42-year-old secretary of Montgomery NAACP, is arrested in Montgomery, AL as she sits in section of a bus reserved for whites. She refuses to move to the back the bus to accommodate a white male passenger as ordered by driver, defying South’s segregation laws. It prompts 5-year Mongomery Bus Boycott by blacks & launches US Civil Rights movement to end segregation. ^{December 2} Martin Luther King (MLK), 26 year old pastor of the Montgomery's Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, in Montgomery, AL steps forward with speech that marks him as the "acknowledged leader of a major mass protest." ^{December 5} AFL-CIO is formed when 2 largest US unions merge: American Federation of Labor & Congress of Industrial Organizations, with 15M members.	^February JFK undergoes 2nd back operation during which he almost dies, writes "Profiles in Courage" during recovery.	^{June 7} Eisenhower becomes 1st president to appear on color TV. ^June Universal studios is films "The Conqueror" in Snow Canyon State Park in Utah, area contaminated by 1953 testing of nuclear bombs in Yucca Flats, NV. Of 220 film people on location, 46 die from cancer&91 others have cancer by the 1980s. "Experts" calculate that only 30 persons should have gotten cancer from a group that size. Among the 46 who die by the early 80s: the stars, John Wayne, Susan Hayward & Agnes Moorehead & director, Dick Powell. ^{July 5} Bill Haley’s "Rock Around the Clock" tops US billboards chart. ^{September 29} Arthur Miller play "A View From the Bridge" opens in NY. ^{October 20} Harry Belafonte recorded "Day-O" (Banana Boat Song).	^{June 9} SOS JF Dulles says "neutrality is obsolete &, except under very exceptional circumstances, it is an immoral and shortsighted conception." ^{November 19} CIA asset William F. Buckley Jr. publishes his first issue of the National Review, a conservative political journal. Buckley criticizes middle-of-the road Republicanism, like Eisenhower administration. Buckley's first issue proclaims the "middle-of- the-road politically, intellectually, & morally repugnant."	^~ John Kenneth Galbraith authors “The Great Crash,” about the 1929 stock market crash, stating it was an inevitable consequence of excess investment, flawed corporate governance & speculation.		^* WILLIAM HARVEY: V ^~ American Security Council, "The Heart of the Military-Industrial Complex," is formed. ^* AMERICAN SECURITY COUNCIL: V
Eisenhower, Nixon/1956	^{January 9} Former Communist Louis Budenz, a leading source for the FBI on communism, describes co-existence as a Russian trick. He urges US to break relations with the Soviet Union. ^{February 23} In 6-hour speech to closed session of the Communist Party's 20th Congress, Soviet Secretary General Nikita Khrushchev denounces "crimes" of Stalin against the Party & denounces the "cult of personality" that developed with Stalin's leadership. ^{March 28} British Communist Party members question their leadership's past subservience to Stalin. ^{April 23} Khrushchev announces that the USSR will produce an H-bomb guided missile. ^{June 8} First American known to die in Vietnam is Air Force Tech Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon Jr. His son dies in Vietnam 9/7/65. ^{May 22} US tests hydrogen bomb on Bikini Atoll. ^{July 18} In the wake of Khrushchev's anti-Stalin speech, Soviet Union forces Stalinist Mátyás Rákosi to resign as head of Hungary's Communist Party. He is replaced by an old friend Enró Geró. ^{July 25} In Germany compulsory military service became law. ^{July 31} US SOS JF Dulles speaks for international operation of Suez Canal & for isolating Egypt's Nasser. ^{November 4} 200,000 Russian troops & tanks attack Hungary & crush revolt. Martial law is proclaimed, mass arrests follow, 25,000 people die. ^{November 25} Castro, Che Guevara & 80 other armed men depart Mexico for Cuba. 50 others are left behind for lack of room. ^~ FBI's